Gold Investors Returning

 | Feb 04, 2022 11:59AM ET

While gold has been grinding higher, it hasn’t soared yet despite raging inflation and rolling-over stock markets. The main reason has been the lack of investment capital inflows. But long-apathetic investors are starting to return, flocking back to gold exchange-traded funds as the US stock markets threatened a correction. That buying is a bullish gold omen, fueling upside momentum that will attract more investors.

Still largely flying under traders’ radars, gold has been lackluster but sure isn’t faring poorly. Over 3.9 months between late September to late January, gold powered 7.1% higher in a young bull-market upleg. That way outperformed the S&P 500 and Bitcoin in that span, which fell 0.1% and 10.6%. And gold’s solid recent gains are despite a major 1.7% surge in the US Dollar Index fueled by extreme Fed hawkishness.

The FOMC accelerated its quantitative-easing taper, ending its colossal QE4 money-printing campaign early. First Fed officials then the FOMC itself threatened more and more rate hikes, starting sooner. Futures-implied federal-funds-rate expectations skyrocketed to seeing five hikes this year! Gold-futures speculators watch the dollar as their main trading cue, and it has been very strong with all the Fed jawboning.

And Fed officials started discussing quantitative tightening, beginning to reverse their mind-boggling $4,911b of QE4 bond monetizations in just 27.6 months. The Fed has never lurched so hawkish in so little time as in these recent months! Fed-tightening surprises ignited multiple bouts of heavy gold-futures selling. Yet the yellow metal still gradually climbed on balance, carving higher lows and higher highs in an uptrend.

But gold hasn’t rallied long enough or high enough yet to impress investors, who need upside momentum to entice them back. Gold uplegs can’t grow large without major investment buying, as investors’ vast pools of capital dwarf gold-futures speculators’ trading firepower. Comprehensive global gold investment data is only published quarterly by the World Gold Council in its outstanding Gold Demand Trends reports.

The latest covering Q4’21 was just released last Friday, revealing a huge 117.5% year-over-year jump in overall world gold investment demand last quarter! That was fairly surprising given gold’s good-but-not-exciting 4.1% gain in Q4. Traditional physical-bar-and-coin demand only grew a far-smaller 18.0% YoY or 48.5 metric tons. The primary driver of that demand surge was a way-bigger 113.7t jump in gold-ETF demand.

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But that only resulted from less selling, not actually buying. In Q4’20, global gold-ETF bullion draws totaled 131.2t. In Q4’21, they greatly moderated to just 17.6t, but investment capital continued flowing out of gold ETFs. The WGC’s GDTs also ranks the world’s physically-backed gold ETFs by holdings size at quarter-ends. Two American behemoths had 27.3% and 13.7% of all the gold held by all the world’s gold ETFs in Q4!

They are, of course, the mighty GLD SPDR Gold Shares (NYSE:GLD) and iShares Gold Trust (NYSE:IAU), commanding 41.1% of global gold-ETF bullion holdings. The distant third place is held by a UK gold ETF at just 6.8%. GLD and IAU have long dominated global gold-ETF capital flows as the leading gold ETFs. These, in turn, have long proven the dominant driver of overall world investment demand, which is what moves gold prices.

In Q4’20, GLD+IAU suffered a sharp 5.1% or 91.3t holdings draw as American stock investors fled then-correcting gold. That was 7/10ths of the world gold-ETF total that quarter. Q4’21’s GLD+IAU draw of 1.4% or 21.5t was way better but still accounted for nearly 5/4ths of all global gold-ETF bullion selling. As GLD+IAU capital flows dominate gold investing, they are a great high-resolution proxy for how that is faring.

GLD and IAU publish their bullion holdings daily, radically superior to the once-a-quarter updates from the WGC. In order to accomplish their tracking mission of mirroring gold-price moves, GLD and IAU both act as conduits for stock-market capital to migrate into and out of gold. The mechanism is simple. Rising holdings reveal American stock-market capital flowing into gold while falling holdings show it shifting back out.

Gold-ETF-share supply and demand is independent of gold’s own. When gold-ETF shares are being bought faster than gold futures which drive gold’s world reference price, gold-ETF share prices threaten to decouple from gold to the upside. So gold-ETF managers must issue enough new shares to offset that excess demand. They use the proceeds from those new-share sales to buy more physical gold bullion.

And the opposite is also true; differential gold-ETF-share selling will soon force a downside disconnect in gold-ETF share prices compared to gold’s. So excess selling must be absorbed by gold-ETF managers buying back shares. They raise the cash to make these purchases by selling some of their underlying gold bullion. So GLD+IAU holdings changes reveal investment capital flowing into and out of gold itself.

This chart superimposes GLD+IAU holdings in metric tons over gold prices during the past few years or so. Major gold uplegs and corrections are highly correlated with gold-ETF capital flows. Recently until just the last couple weeks, investors largely remained indifferent to gold. That’s the primary reason this young gold upleg hasn’t grown bigger yet. Investment capital inflows were missing in action for most of it.